The bodies of Japanese soldiers lie strewn across a hillside after being shot by U.S. soldiers as they attempted a banzai charge over a ridge in Guam, in 1944. (AP Photo/Joe Rosenthal) #  

Japanese casualties

When Japan entered into the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Army Air Force, because the new Mitsubishi Ki-21 was again on test, required, July 1937, an interim purchase of aircraft from abroad. Italy was willing to give priority to any Japanese orders and offered the Caproni Ca.135 and the Fiat BR.20. Since the plane of Fiat closely matched the specification, but not the Caproni, in late 1937 the Japanese Army Air Force placed an initial order for 72 Br.20s, designated by Japanese  I-Type (Yi-shiki), soon followed by an another contract for  further 10 aircraft. Deliveries to Japanese  Wings in Manchuria commenced in February 1938, for equipping,  replacing the obsolete Mitsubishi Ki-1, the 12th and 20th Sentai (Air Wings ), deployed on long-range bombing missions against Chinese cities and supply centres during the winter of 1938–39. The BR.20s were operating with no fighter cover at the extremes of their range and  incurred heavy losses from Chinese fighters. Later the 12th Sentai was redeployed to the Mongolian-Manchurian border to be involved in missions against the Russians (battle of Khalkhin Gol). In September 1939, the BR.20s were progressively phased out from operational service and replaced by the Ki-21. The Allied reporting name allocated to BR.20 was "Ruth". VS

BR.20 in Japan Army Air Force

Japanese Navy Type 93 or Japanese Army Type Ho twin 13mm heavy machine gun, seen in US Technical Manual TM-E 30-480: Handbook on Japanese Military .

The Hotchkiss 13.2-millimeter heavy machine guns, which were designed for anti-aircraft applications, became available in the late 1920s, seeing service with the French Army and the French Navy. They had a effective ceiling of 3,980 meters and a maximum ceiling of 4,500 meters; when used against ground targets, the range was 6,000 meters. In 1930, the French Air Force also adopted the weapon (under the designation of mitrailleuse de 13,2 mm CA mle 1930) for airfield defense. Abroad, the Spanish Navy acquired many examples in Dec 1935, equipping several destroyers and cruisers. In Japan, the Japanese Navy adopted this design as the Type 93 13-millimeter heavy machine gun while the Japanese Army used the designation Type Ho.
