Heavy guns given by the U.S.S.R. to the First Polish Tadeusz Kosciusko Division moving up in support of Polish Infantry.  In April 1942 there were three Polish divisions in Russia, three in Persia, and one in  Libya in addition to the Polish forces in Great Britain.  General Sikorski stated in August 1942 that the Polish Army was the fifth largest of the Allied armies.  It included two armoured and motorized corps-one with the army in Britain, and one in the middle east.  The Polish air force was then twice as strong as at the outbreak of war and the Polish navy was also greater-a third greater, it was announced in February 1943.

Polish Artillery goes into battle on Russian Front

Jadwiga Pilsudska (born 1920), daughter of Polish Marshal and former Head of State Jozef Pilsudski, in uniform as a a Flying Officer of the British Air Transport Auxiliary, in which she served 1942-'44.  Her main duty, and that of her mainly female comrades, was to fly newly-built military aircraft from the factories to the workships where they were fitted out and armed.  This was often (indeed usually) done flying solo, even if the "cargo" was a Lancaster bomber; Pilsudska had started learning to fly in Poland, and had completed her training in the UK.  Safe this was not, since it involved flying unarmed and obviously military aircraft through skies where the possibility of encountering fully-armed German aircraft could never be ruled out.  Unglamorous though this duty may seem, it did relieve combat pilots of thousands of hours of otherwise unavoidable ferrying duty, leaving them free to undertake combat sorties.  I understand that Ms Pilsudska remained in exile in the UK until the establishment of democracy in Poland; that she is still alive; and that she now lives in Warsaw.  Best regards, JR.

Polish eagle.

Destroyed Polish TKS tankette. Poland, September 1939.